Julian Bradfield -- Abstract for PWorkshop talk, Wed 21 May

There are many ways in which the word "concurrent" can appear in phonetics and phonology. In production, speech involves the concurrent control of many articulators; in recognition, we may (or may not) recognize features of phones concurrently; autosegmental phonological theories are based on extended concurrent features; Khoisan languages look as if they have click phonemes concurring with "normal" phonemes.

Most of those statements are pretty woolly; trying to make them more precise leads to interesting (to me!) conceptual questions and possibilities for more robust definitions. This talk is an exploration of some currently rather vague ideas; my aim is to get feedback from you of which, if any, might be worth pursuing from the viewpoint of the phonological community.

I'll start with a brief discussion of "concurrent". This has an ordinary meaning; but in theoretical computer science, "concurrency" has developed a technical meaning which is significantly richer (and, of course, more precisely defined) than the ordinary meaning. I will explain, informally and briefly, what this meaning is, and I'll introduce one of the standard formalisms for representing concurrency (pictorial, rather than algebraic!).

I'll then show how such a formalism can quite nicely be used as a formal model for aspects of phonetics and phonology (extending, for example, the work of Bird and Ellision on synchronizing automata and one-level phonology). In particular, I'll demonstrate, I hope, that autosegmental approaches are natural in this formalism, and that some phonological rules can be naturally represented by a technique like underspecification.

I'll then speculate on whether the extensive theories of concurrency developed in CS can be employed to formalize relationships between different levels of phonetic and phonological abstraction; and whether one might use them to achieve a rapprochement between traditional phonemics and autosegmental approaches, in which the concept of "phoneme" might be derived.

If time permits, I will consider the question "what would it actually mean to say that !Xóõ has concurrent click phonemes?" (I promise not to chicken out of saying "!Xóõ".) I can't yet answer it, but I'll suggest some approaches, which might even lead to interesting perceptual experiments. (Cf. talk by Catherine Best at forthcoming ICPhS.)

Lastly, if there is time, I will speculate even more wildly on possible applications, such as multi-lingual speech recognition by assembling language-independent feature-recognizing nets using concurrent formalisms to define language-specific ways of extracting phones and then phonemes (inspired by Mirjam Wester's recent talk).