Making the Transition to ANSI C

1. Making the Transition to ANSI C

Basic Modes

A Mixture of Old- and New-Style Functions

Writing New Code

Updating Existing Code

Mixing Considerations

Functions with Varying Arguments

Promotions: Unsigned Versus Value Preserving

Background

Compilation Behavior

First Example: The Use of a Cast

Bit-fields

Second Example: Same Result

Integral Constants

Third Example: Integral Constants

Tokenization and Preprocessing

ANSI C Translation Phases

Old C Translation Phases

Logical Source Lines

Macro Replacement

Using Strings

Token Pasting

const and volatile

Types, Only for lvalues

Type Qualifiers in Derived Types

const Means readonly

Examples of const Usage

volatile Means Exact Semantics

Examples of volatile Usage

Multibyte Characters and Wide Characters

Asian Languages Require Multibyte Characters

Encoding Variations

Wide Characters

Conversion Functions

C Language Features

Standard Headers and Reserved Names

Balancing Process

Standard Headers

Names Reserved for Implementation Use

Names Reserved for Expansion

Names Safe to Use

Internationalization

Locales

The setlocale() Function

Changed Functions

New Functions

Grouping and Evaluation in Expressions

Definitions

The K&R C Rearrangement License

The ANSI C Rules

The Parentheses

The As If Rule

Incomplete Types

Types

Completing Incomplete Types

Declarations

Expressions

Justification

Examples

Compatible and Composite Types

Multiple Declarations

Separate Compilation Compatibility

Single Compilation Compatibility

Compatible Pointer Types

Compatible Array Types

Compatible Function Types

Special Cases

Composite Types