Parte I

MINISTERO DELL'UNIVERSITA` E DELLA RICERCA SCIENTIFICA E TECNOLOGICA DIPARTIMENTO AFFARI ECONOMICI PROGRAMMI DI RICERCA SCIENTIFICA DI RILEVANTE INTERESSE NAZIONALE RICHIESTA DI COFINANZIAMENTO (DM n. 811 del 3 dicembre 1998) PROGETTO DI UNA UNITA` DI RICERCA - MODELLO B Anno 1999 - prot. ???? (attribuito dal sistema)
1.1 Programma di Ricerca di tipo: interuniversitario Area Scientifico Disciplinare Scienze Matematiche (100%) 1.2 Durata del Programma di Ricerca : 24 mesi 1.3 Titolo del Programma di Ricerca (bilingue): Teoria della Concorrenza, Linguaggi di Ordine Superiore e Strutture di Tipi 1.4 Coordinatore Scientifico del Programma di Ricerca: Montanari Ugo Universita` Pisa, Scienze MFN K05B, Dipartimento Informatica 1.5 Responsabile Scientifico dell'Unita` di Ricerca Furio Honsell Professore Ordinario, K05B, 20/08/1958, Universita` Udine, Scienze MFN Dipartimento Matematica e Informatica 0432558467, 0432558499, honsell@dimi.uniud.it 1.6 Settori scientifico-disciplinari interessati dal Programma di Ricerca: K05B 1.7 Parole chiave (al piu' 6) Logical Frameworks, Higher Order Abstract Syntax, Lambda Calculi of Objects, Coalgebraic Methods Coordination languages, concurrent constraint programming, verification, security.
1.8 Curriculum scientifico del Responsabile Scientifico dell'Unita` di Ricerca: (max. 10 righe, bilingue) Laurea in Mathematics (1981, Pisa), Diploma In Matematica (1983,Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa) Science (1988, Edinburgh), full professor since 1990. Research and academic postions previously held in Torino and Edinburgh. Site Leader of EC HCM Lambda Calcul Type', EC SCIENCE MASK, ESPRIT WG TYPES. PC member and invited speaker to international conferences. Member of the the editorial board of MSCS. Member of the IFIP WG 2.2 Research interests: semantics of programming languages, program logics, lambda-calculus, foundations of informatics. Research contributions: non-wellfounded set theory, models and theories of lambda calculus, logical frameworks base on typed theory, lambda calculus of objects. 1.9 Pubblicazioni scientifiche piu` significative del Responsabile Scientifico dell'Unita` di Ricerca (massimo 5, le piu` recenti e pertinenti il programma) R. Harper, F. Honsell, G. Plotkin: A framework for Defining Logics. Journal of ACM,Vol. 40, No. 1, (1993), 143-184. K. Fisher, F. Honsell, J. Mitchell A Lambda Calculus of Objects and Method Specification Nordic Journal of Computing, Vol. 1, pp. 3-37, 1994. F. Honsell, M. Miculan, I. Scagnetto. pi-calculus in (Co)Inductive Type Theory aparira` su Theoretical Computer Science. F.Honsell, M. Lenisa, U. Montanari, and M. Pistore Final Semantics for the pi-calculus Programming Concepts and Methods PROCOMET'98,Chapman & Hall, 1998. p.225-243 P.Di Gianantonio, F.Honsell, and L.Liquori A Lambda Calculus of Objects with Self-Inflicted Extension ACM-SIGPLAN OOPSLA-98, Vol 33, Number 10, October 1998, pp 166--178, ACM Press. 1.10 Risorse umane impegnabili nel Programma dell'Unita` di Ricerca 1.10.1 Personale universitario dell'Universita` sede dell'Unita` di Ricerca
CognomeNomeDip.qualificasettoremesi uomo
AlessiFabioDIMIRCK05B11+8
GabbrielliMaurizioDIMIPAK05B11+8
HonsellFurioDIMIPOK05B11+8
MAzzantiStefanoDIMIRCK05B11+8
PeronAdrianoDIMIRCK05B11+8
1.10.2 Personale universitario di altre Universita` 1.10.3 Titolari di borse ex L.398/89 art.4 (post-dottorato e specializzazione)
CognomeNomeDip.Anno del titolomesi uomo
1.10.4 Titolari di borse per Dottorati di Ricerca
CognomeNomeSede amm.Dip.ciclomesi uomo
CiaffaglioneAlbertoUdineDIMI144+4
FrancoGianlucaUdineDIMI124+4
ScagnettoIvanUdineDIMI136+8
1.10.5 Personale a contratto da destinare a questo specifico programma
qualificacosto previstomesi uomo
assegnista3011
1.10.6 Personale extrauniversitario dipendente da altri Enti
CognomeNomeentequalificamesi uomo
LenisaMarinaLFCS-EdinburghResearch Fellow3+8
LiquoriLuigiENS-Lyonattache de recherche3+8
MiculanMarinoINFN-Triestetecnologo3+3

Parte II

2.1 Titolo specifico del programma svolto dall'Unita` di Ricerca: 2.2 Base di partenza scientifica (max. 1 pag.) represent programs 2.3 Descrizione del programma e dei compiti dell'Unita` di Ricerca (max 2 pagg.)

Theory, applications, and experiments of Logical Frameworks based on Type Theories (F.Honsell, F.Alessi, M.Miculan, I.Scagnetto, A.Ciaffaglione)

BACKGROUND Since the late eighties there has been extensive research and experiment in using proof development environments based on intuitionistic type theory for computer assisted formal reasoning [see e.g. HHP,COQ, TYPES WG ]. One of the most interesting possibilities offered by type theory when it used as as a specification language for formal systesm is that of using Higher Order Abstract Syntax (HOAS) in the specification of the object syntax and its operational semantics. HOAS, in fact, allows to express the syntax and the operational semantics of formal calculi involving operators on variables, names, and locations (e.g. binders, restriction ops., ``new name'' ops., assignments) in a uniform and algebraic way. HOAS is therefore extremely valuable both as a formalism for capturing certain context sensitive aspects of syntax and operational semantics, and for setting a standard on how alpha conversion should be handled in formal systems. Pragmatically HOAS allows to delegate to the system all the concerns over alpha-conversion and substitution. However, even in powerful Logical Frameworks such as COQ, metatheoretic reasoning on HOAS is limited. Another interesting possibility offered by these Logical Frameworks is that they basically urge the user to present his system in a natural deduction style, thereby making explicit the dependency between assumptions and conclusions. This suggests formulations of logical systems which are extremely natural for practical use in mechanized formal reasoning. The Udine group has a world eputation in tailoring formal systems for such Logical Frameworks [NDDL,ML]. On a more pragmatic basis although there has been a growing use of higher order process calculi such as the [blue,spi] for verification of protocols, authentication, security, little experiment has been carried out with the proof assitants derived form these Logical Frameworks.Recently M.Hofmann in [Hof] has shown how suitable presheaf models can be used to prove consistency of induction principles and other axioms in Higher Order Intuitionistic Type Theories. Such principles are precisely those which seem necessary for carrying out successfully metatheoreitc reasoning in Logical Frameworks over logical systems and other calculi presented in Higher Order Abstract Syntax (HOAS). For instance some of the principles introduced in [MMS] for developing the metathoery of the pi-calculus are among these. Indipendently but simultaneously also G.Plotkin et al., and A.Pitts et al. have used ideas based on functor categories for structuring mathematically syntax of systems involving binders or for suggesting new frameworks for HOAS. OBJECTIVES Develop a general theory for representing nominal calculi and other higher order process calculi in HOAS. Develop a system of Metalogical principles forreasoning on systems presented in HOAS. Carry out large case studies using COQ on Exact real number computation, comunication protocol verification, and the metathoery of higher order process calculi. Investigate the theory of presheaf models for coinductive type theories in the style of Hofmann, and explore its applications to Logical Frameworks based on HOAS, such as consistency or adequacy. First year: Develop more encodings in HOAS of funcional calculi and, possibly higher order, process calculi such as the spi calculus of Abadi et al. and the blue calculus of Boudal et al. Carry outfurther formal theory developments for such systems. We hope to be able to develop a general metathoery for reasoning about contexts for such systems, which combine a complex binding structure with mechanisms for ``new'' name generation. Ultimately this should provide a comforatbale proof developoment environment for verfying suh applications such as protocol and security verification.Prove formally the consistency of the axioms introduced in [MMS] using presheaf models. Second year: It is likely that we will have to extend existing type theoretic metalanguages with new induction-recursion-coinduction principles. Our approach, as pioneered on [MMS], is that of introducing suitable axiom packages. This approach allows us to maintain the transparency of the encoding and keeps the matheamtical sovrastrucutre low. This approach however raises the problem of proving the consistency the axioms. Intuitively simple reflection arguments are enough. Recently Hoffman [Hof] has showed how functor categories can be fuitfully put to use in modeling Intuitionsitic Type Theories and hinted at how such models could be used to prove consistency of non-standard induction principles and axioms systems as the ones introduced abova. We plan to explore functor category models of type theory in this respect, trying to prove the consistency of a general and uniform proof environment for higher order nominal calculi.Investigate the technique based on presheafs for provinig adequacy of encodings. REFERENCES

Lambda calculi of Objects (F.Honsell, L.Liquori,)

BACKGROUND Since the paper [FHM] by Fisher-Honsell-Mitchell, there has been growing interest in calculi for objects, i.e. on lambda calculi extended with primitives for defining and manipulating objects, see e.g. [AC]. The ultimate goal in embedding new programming concepts in a lambda-calculus setting is to achieve a better conceptual understanding and a more abstract and general operational treatment of the concept under consideration. By so doing we can in fact capitalize on the extensive theoretical work that has been carried out over the years in lambda calculus because of its principled and mathematically tractable syntax and semantics. In [FHM] a lambda calculus of objects has been introduced together with a sound type assignment system which allows to check statically if errors of the kind ``message-not-understood'' will not arise at run time. This calculus formalizes a small delegation-based language which contains both lambda calculus and object primitives to create, update, and send messages to objects, Since then a number of extensions, or variants of the original language and type system, have been investigated by many researchers in this project, including Liquori[BBDL98,Liq98], and many typing disciplines which now cover subtypes and incomplete objects have been considered. OBJECTIVES We want to carry on the investigation of significant extensions of the original lambda calculus of objects along the lines of [DGHL98]. In [DGHL] Di Gianantonio Honsell and Liquori introduced a strengthening of the original type system which allows objects to extend themselves upon receiving a message. This is a very powerful extension, which has potential applications to practical object oriented languages sush as Java. But extensions of the original lambda calculus of objects can go in various direction. Not only, one can strengthen the type system; one can extend the language so as to allow methods nad messages to be first class objects; one can consider explicitly typed versions of the system, or replace the lambda calculus with a calculus of explicit substitutions. Furthermore one can study imperative versions of all these. It is apparent that there is no general lambda calculus of objects yet. One of the most important research problems in this area is to try to introduce and develop a framework language where to accomodate all these variants. It is our intention to try to develop such a general framework of objects, building on [LLL]. Currently Liquori at ENS of Lyon is studying a general framework, Obj+a for the foundation of operational (small step) semantics of object-based languages with an emphasis on functional and imperative issues. 1st year Complete the theoretical investigation of the type system introduced in [DGHL98], and pursue the investigation of Obj+a. 2nd year Design a general framework language for lambda calculi of objects. REFERENCES

Categorical analysis of coinduction, algebraic analysis of iteration and fine analysis of categories of domains (F.Honsell, M.Lenisa, S.Mazzanti, F.Alessi, A.Ciaffaglione)

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND In recent years [BMMR] [Rut96], there has been growing interest on coalgebraic and coinducitve methods in connection with the specification of operational semantics of programming languages. Such methods provide in fact powerful proof principles for reasoning on the infinite behaviour of programs, processes, and objects of higher order datatypes (e.g. exact reals}. Especially when such methods are used in connection with techniques based on logical relations, they allow to reason on such infinite objects in a mathematically principled and highly structured way, just by considering their syntactical representations, thereby keeping the mathematical sovrastructure to a minimum. Honsell and Lenisa have been investigating Final Semantics, a particular categorical approach to coinduction, for quite sometime [HL95,Len96,HLMP98], especially in set theoretic categories based on non-wellfounded sets. The whole area of syntactically based operational methods, however, appears to be full of yet unresolved general questions. S. Mazzanti [Ma95,Ma97] has been investigating the problem of characterizing iterative functions on data types.. F.Honsell, M.Lenisa [HL98b] and F.Alessi [ABBR95] have been investigating various metric and ordered categories of domains for the past ten years. There are still many open questions especially with respect to the completeness of such categories and the possibility of providing coinductive characterizations of observational equalities. An important and general problem is also that of studying the possibility of embedding metric spaces in effective domains. OBJECTIVES It is still unclear how operational (final semantics) relates to inital semantics apart form very simple languages; or how do the various categorical approaches to coinduction (e.g. coalgebras, span of open maps, fibrations) relate to one another and how much can they capture of the generality of set theoretic coinduction. We intend to investigate such issues and in particular to study the expressive power of the coalgebraic approach to coinduction and coiterative functions. In particular we intend to consider how to express various generalized coinduction principles based on e.g. bisimulation up-to principles, non uniform bisimulations, n-ary bisimulations. We intend to address also the problem of how to extend the coalgebraic paradigm to mixed functors. Still in the spirit of syntactically based proof principles, but more in the line of logical relations, we intend also to develop a theory of generalized logical relations suitable for accounting the process of data refinement in higher order languages. We intend to continue the investigate the fine strucutre of domain models of higher order programming languages with the purpose of deriving new coinductivecharacterizations of coinduction prnciples. 1st year: We intend to develop the mathematical theory of prelogical relations, a suitable genralizations of logical relations. Develop more case studies in final semantics and in coagebraic and descriptions of coinduction principles e.g. using the categorical notion of relator for achieving generality in providing coalgebraic accounts of set-theoretic coinduction principles. Study closure relations as a tool for characterizing the iterative behaviour of non determinsitic programs. 2nd year: We intend to continue with the investigation of the scope and expressive power of Final Semantics. Develop more case studies in coinductive characterizations of operational equivalences especially in connection with higher order languages and calculi, possibly involving names. Investigate general principles and more case studies in partializing metric domains. REFERENCES

Semantic models and verification methodologies for coordination languages (M.Gabbrielli)

BACKGROUND The group in Udine has specific competence also in the field of coordination languages. In particular, in the last few years we have studied semantic models and proof-theory for concurrent constraint programming (ccp) [FGMP7,BGMP97] and for timed extensions of ccp [BGM97]. Furthermore, we have studied the expressive power of these extensions by formally comparing them to the original language [BGM97]. The results obtained in these works could be useful for studying some recent coordination languages. In fact, several proposal in this field are based on the Linda paradigm which has some similarities with ccp. OBJECTIVES As far as coordination languages, the group in Udine will study semantic models and verification methodologies for some existing languages based on extensions of the ``Linda'' paradigm. Since such a paradigm is similar to concurrent constraint programming (ccp), we plan to base our study on previous results we obtained for ccp and to investigate possible integrations of the two paradigms. We also plan to use logic based techniques for dealing with security issues in the context of coordination languages which support process mobility. 1st year: 2nd year: REFERENCES

Real time automata (A.Peron)

BACKGORUND OBJECTIVES Our investigation will focus on various classes of timed and synchronous automata aimed at evaluating, under suitable criteria, their ability of describing real time systems. A criterion of evaluation will be "succinctness" of description. Harel and Drusinsky proved that (finite state) automata endowed with parallelism and communication features allow an exponential saving when compared with usual sequential finite state automata. In the same line, we shall consider whether different ways of representing time and different ways of expressing temporal constraints in varoius classes of automata (e.g. Timed automata, Timed Communicating automata etc.) affect the complexity of the specification. We want also to introduce automata able to read a symbol and to react by taking sequences of transitions (instead of one only transition, as usual). (This extension is motivated by the need of easily modeling instantaneous reactions in synchronous formalisms.) We want to investigate whether this new feature affects the complexity of the specification. We are also interested in investigating the logical counterpart of suitable classes of synchronous automata. The logical theory of binary tree systolic automata has been recently exploited for defining a decidable monadic second order theory over an infinite number of coarsable linear temporal domains. That theory allows to naturally express properties of real time systems which refer to times of different temporal granularity. We intend to prove that the modal counterpart of the first order fragment of that theory is a proper extension of Propositional Linear Temporal Logic which preserve the property of elementar decidability. 1st year: 2nd year: REFERENCES 2.4 Descrizione delle attrezzature gia` disponibili ed utilizzabili per la ricerca proposta 2.5 Descrizione della richiesta di Grandi attrezzature (GA)

Parte III

3.1 Costo complessivo del Programma dell'Unita` di Ricerca (in milioni di lire)
Voce di spesaspesadescrizione
Materiale inventariabile20hardware, libri
Grandi Attrezzature
Materiale di consumo7telefono, posta, fotocopie
Spese per calcolo ed elaborazione dati10account e manutenzione
Personale a contratto30assegnista per 1 anno
Servizi esterni
Missioni53convegni, collaborazione scientifica
Altro10 invitati e seminari
Costo complessivo del Programma dell'Unita` di Ricerca 130
Costo minimo per garantire la possibilita` di verifica dei risultati 110
Fondi disponibili (RD) 12,25
Fondi acquisibili (RA) 25,25
Cofinanziamento richiesto al MURST 96,5

Parte IV

4.1 Risorse finanziarie gia` disponibili all?atto della domanda e utilizzabili a sostegno del Programma (tutte le cifre vanno espresse in milioni) QUADRO RD
Provenienzaanno di ass.importo disp.nome Resp. Naz.
Universita`1999
Dipartimento1993 in poi
MURST(ex 40%)1995-1996
CNR
Unione Europea1998
Altro
TOTALE
4.1.1 Altro (dettagliare origine ed importi) 4.2 Risorse finanziarie acquisibili in data successiva a quella della domanda e utilizzabili a sostegno del programma nell'ambito della durata prevista (tutte le cifre vanno espresse in milioni) QUADRO RA
Provenienzaanno della domandastato di appr.disponibilita`
Universita`1999C
Dipartimento
CNR
Unione Europea
Altro
TOTALE
Nota: A=in fase di presentazione; B=accettato; C=in fase di negoziazione; D=contratto stipulato; E=finanziato; F=disponibile in caso di accettazione della domanda 4.2.1 Altro (dettagliare origine ed importi) 4.3 Certifico la dichiarata disponibilita` e l'utilizzabilita` dei fondi di cui ai punti 4.1 e 4.2: Firma (per la copia da depositare presso l'Ateneo e per l'assenso alla diffusione via Internet delle informazioni riguardanti i programmi finanziati e la loro elaborazione necessaria alle valutazioni; legge del 31.12.96 n. 675 sulla "Tutela dei dati personali") Firma Data