Suppose we have inputs (x,y,z) where
We examine the first digits of x and z, and use simple analysis of
the range of possible reals represented, as described in
section 3.6.2 to determine whether or not we can
determine digits of a stream representing using only the
known digits of x and z.
Having examined a some finite number of digits from x and z, we
will encounter on of three qualitatively distinct cases; either we can
say that , or we can find a digit or digits
whose range encloses all possible values of
, or we cannot
find such a digit but cannot say that
. In the
first case it is safe to cease examination of x and z and use y
to return the remainder of the result. In the second and third cases
we must continue to examine x and z, generating digits where
possible, until we can say for certain that
.
Suppose the ranges r = [rmin, rmax] and s = [smin,smax] contain the lower and upper bounds x and z of y. There are a number of possible situations that may arise. Figure 5.1 illustrates with some examples.
Example 1 illustrates such a situation.
In example 2, we can deduce that the range of y is [0,1], so we
can generate the digit 1 as the first digit of y. Similarly in
example 3, the range of y must be , so we
can generate the digits
(or equivalently
).
Example 4 is an interesting possibility which would be handled by here. We can see that the least possible value of the lower bound rmin is equal to the greatest possible value of the upper bound smax. We can deduce that this is the only possible value for y and output it directly without examining further inputs or intervals.
Example 5 falls into this category. Suppose the numeral and
, we can see that
. If this were the case, we would have to
output the number zero (eg. the numeral
) without
examining y or any further intervals by the condition stated in
section 5.1. We must therefore examine further digits of
x and z until either we can ascertain that they are both
equal, or we can generate a digit as in examples 2, 3, or 4.