Preface

Sun WorkShop offers advanced programming, analysis, and debugging features that are covered in this volume, WorkShop: Beyond the Basics, including:

DMake^TM
LoopTool^TM
Thread Analyzer^TM
Data Visualization
Advanced Debugging

Who Should Use This Book

WorkShop: Beyond the Basics is directed toward the advanced developer who is building, analyzing, debugging, or optimizing distributed, multithreaded, and/or multiprocessor applications and programs.

Before You Read This Book

For an overview and details about using the WorkShop suite of applications, see WorkShop: Getting Started.

DMake users will find basic information about the Sun WorkShop TeamWare suite of applications in Sun WorkShop TeamWare: User's Guide and Sun WorkShop TeamWare: Solutions Guide.

The WorkShop command-line applications and utilities are described in WorkShop: Command-Line Utilities.

How This Book Is Organized

WorkShop: Beyond the Basics contains the following chapters:

Chapter 1, "Using DistributedMake," explains how to use DMake.

Chapter 2, "Multithreaded Concepts," describes the principles behind multithreaded programs.

Chapter 3, "Analyzing Loops," explains how to use LoopTool to analyze program performance.

Chapter 4, "Analyzing Threads," describes how to use Thread Analyzer to perform analysis of threaded programs.

Chapter 5, "Data Visualization," describes how to use the data visualizer to visualize an array.

Chapter 6, "Runtime Checking" describes how to automatically detect runtime errors in an application during the development phase.

Chapter 7, "Using Fix and Continue" describes how to quickly recompile edited source code without stopping the debugging process.

How to Get Help

This release of WorkShop includes a new documentation delivery system as well as online manuals and video demonstrations. To find out more, you can start in any of the following places:

Online Help - A new help system containing extensive task-oriented, context-sensitive help. To access the help, choose Help Help Contents. Help menus are available in all WorkShop windows.
WorkShop Documentation - A complete set of online manuals. These manuals make up the complete documentation set for WorkShop and are available using AnswerBook^TM or (at the user's option) using an HTML browser. To access the online manuals, choose Help WorkShop Manuals in any WorkShop window.
Video Demonstrations - These demos provide a general overview of the WorkShop and describe how to use WorkShop to build targets or debug programs. To access them, choose Help Demos in the WorkShop main window.
Release Notes - The Release Notes contain general information about WorkShop and specific information about software limitations and bugs. To access the Release Notes, choose Help Release Notes.

How to Access the AnswerBook Documentation

To access the AnswerBook online documentation for WorkShop, you must run a script to set up your environment.

: 1. To start AnswerBook, type the following at a command prompt:

% workshop-answerbooks

The script sets the AB_CARDCATALOG environment variable and runs /usr/openwin/bin/answerbook. The AnswerBook Navigator opens and displays the available AnswerBook documents.

2. Add the WorkShop AnswerBook documents to your library by clicking the Modify Library button.

The AnswerBook Navigator: Modify Library window is displayed.

3. Select the AnswerBook documents you wish to add to your library from the list; then click the Apply button.

The AnswerBook documents are added to your library.

4. To view an AnswerBook document, double-click on the title you wish to view.

Sun WorkShop Documentation

Available with all WorkShop products.


WorkShop Roadmap	(hard copy only) Provides a documentation map to the WorkShop printed and online documentation. Includes a complete list of the documentation included with your WorkShop.
WorkShop Installation and Licensing Guide	Provides instructions about product licensing and installation of Workshop products on Solaris^TM 2.x systems. Provides instructions for local or remote installation for single independent license servers, multiple independent license servers, and redundant license servers.
WorkShop Quick Install for Solaris	Provides quick installation instructions for product installation and licensing.
WorkShop: Getting Started	Provides a basic introduction. This book provides the information you need to use the basic WorkShop features.
WorkShop: Beyond the Basics	Contains information about the advanced programming, debugging, browsing, and visualization applications in the WorkShop product suite, including: DMake, LoopTool, Thread Analyzer, WorkShop Browsing, and WorkShop Visual.
WorkShop: Command-Line Utilities	Provides reference information for all of the workshop utilities that can be run directly from the command line, including Loop Report, LockLint Utilities, sbquery, and all the dbx commands.
WorkShop Online Help	(online only) Contains extensive task-oriented information for all the tools included with the WorkShop
WorkShop Video Demonstrations	(online only) Three video demonstrations providing information about WorkShop building and debugging as well as general product information.
Release Notes	(online only) Contains any information that was too late to get into the other documentation. To access the Release Notes, open any Help menu and then click on Release Notes.
Manual Pages	(online only) Provide information about the WorkShop command-line utilities.

Sun WorkShop TeamWare Documentation

Available only with Performance WorkShop Fortran and Visual WorkShop C++.


Sun WorkShop TeamWare: User's Guide	Describes how to use all the tools in the TeamWare toolset, for both the command- line interface and the graphical user interface.
Sun WorkShop TeamWare: Solutions Guide	Provides an in-depth case study and eight scenario-based topics to help users take full advantage of TeamWare's features.
Sun WorkShop TeamWare Online Help	Provides succinct task-oriented information to help you become familiar with the application. Help volume includes video demonstrations.
Manual Pages	(online only) Provide information about the TeamWare command-line commands and utilities.

Sun Visual WorkShop C++ Documentation

Available only with Sun Visual WorkShop C++.


WorkShop documentation	Visual WorkShop C++ contains the entire WorkShop and TeamWare documentation sets.
C++ User's Guide	Describes how to use the Sun C++ compiler to write programs in C++. It covers the C++ compiler options, programs, templates, exception handling, and more. It is intended for the experienced C++ programmer.
C++ Library Reference	Describes how to use the complex, coroutine, and iostream libraries, and it lists the manual pages (man pages) for these libraries.
Tools.h++ User's Guide	Describes how to use the Tools.h++ libraries to make programs more efficient.
Tools.h++ Class Library Reference	Describes how to use the Tools.h++ class library, and also describes a set of C++ classes that can simplify programming while maintaining efficiency.
C++ 4.2 Quick Reference Card	Provides concise descriptions of the C++ compiler flags.
C User's Guide	Describes how to use the Sun ANSI C compiler to write programs in C. It covers the C compiler options, the pragmas, the lint tool, the cscope tool, and more. It is intended for the experienced C programmer.
Making the Transition to ANSI C	(online only) Provides information about the transition from K&R C to ANSI C.
C 4.2 Quick Reference Card	Provides concise descriptions of the C compiler flags.
WorkShop: Visual User's Guide	Explains how to use Visual, an interactive tool for building graphical user interfaces (GUIs) using the widgets of the standard OSF/Motif toolkit or Microsoft Foundation Class. It includes a tutorial as well as reference information for the more advanced user.
Sun WorkShop 2.0 Visual Quick Reference Card	Contains menu shortcuts and icon explanations for Visual.
Numerical Computation Guide	Describes the floating-point software and hardware for the SPARC^TM, Intel, HP 700, and PowerPC system architectures. It also contains a tutorial on floating-point arithmetic.
Incremental Link Editor	Describes how to use `ild` as an incremental linker to replace `ld` for linking programs. `ild` allows you to complete the development sequence more quickly than is possible with a standard linker.
Performance Profiling Tools	Describes the `prof`(1), `gprof`(1), and `tcov`(1) utilities
Manual Pages	(online only) Provides information about the command-line commands and utilities included with Visual WorkShop C++.

Sun Performance WorkShop Fortran Documentation

Available only with Sun Performance WorkShop Fortran.


WorkShop documentation	Performance WorkShop Fortran contains the entire WorkShop and TeamWare documentation sets.
Fortran User's Guide	Describes how to use the Sun Fortran 77 4.0 and Fortran 90 1.2 compilers, including the compiler command options, debugging and development tools, program profiling and performance tuning, mixing C and Fortran, and making and using libraries. It is intended for programmers with knowledge of Fortran.
FORTRAN 77 Language Reference	Describes and defines the Fortran 77 language accepted by the Sun `f77` compiler under Solaris 1.x and 2.x. It is intended for use by programmers with knowledge of and experience with Fortran.
Fortran Programmer's Guide	Provides the essential information programmers need to develop efficient applications using the Fortran 77 and Fortran 90 compilers. Includes information on input/output, program development, use and creation of software libraries, program analysis and debugging, numerical accuracy, porting, performance, optimization, parallelization, and the C/Fortran interface.
Fortran Library Reference	(online only) Describes the language and routines of the Fortran compilers.
Sun Performance Library 1.2 Quick Reference Card	Provides a quick reference to Sun Performance Library language routines with brief descriptions.
Fortran 90 Handbook	(online only) Contains user-level information about this release of Fortran90.
Fortran 90 Browser	Describes how to use the Sun Fortran 90 Browser, one of the development tools in the `f90` package, to view Fortran 90 source code. It is intended for programmers with knowledge of Fortran 90.
Fortran Quick Reference Card	Lists the `f77` 4.0 compiler's command-line options with brief descriptions.
C User's Guide	Describes how to use the Sun ANSI C compiler to write programs in C. It covers the C compiler options, the pragmas, the lint tool, the cscope tool, and more. It is intended for the experienced C programmer.
Making the Transition to ANSI C	(online only) Provides information about the transition from K&R C to ANSI C.
C 4.2 Quick Reference Card	Describes the C compiler options in a concise and easy-to-read format.
Numerical Computation Guide	Describes the floating-point software and hardware for the SPARC^TM, Intel, HP 700, and PowerPC system architectures. It also contains a tutorial on floating-point arithmetic.
Incremental Link Editor	Describes how to use `ild` as an incremental linker to replace `ld` for linking programs. `ild` allows you to complete the development sequence more quickly than is possible with a standard linker.
Performance Profiling Tools	Describes the `prof`(1), `gprof`(1), and `tcov`(1) utilities.
Manual Pages	(online only) Provide information about the Fortran command-line commands and utilities included with Performance WorkShop Fortran.

Sun WorkShop Professional Pascal Documentation

Available only with Sun WorkShop Professional Pascal.


WorkShop documentation	WorkShop Professional Pascal contains the entire WorkShop documentation set.
Pascal User's Guide	Describes how to begin writing and compiling Pascal programs for the Solaris computing environment. Pascal is a derivative of the Berkeley Pascal system distributed with UNIX®4.2 BSD. It complies with FIPS PUB 109 ANSI/IEEE 770 X3.97-1983 and BS6192/ISO7185 at both level 0 and level 1, and it includes many extensions to the standard.
Pascal Language Reference	Provides reference material for the Pascal 4.0 compiler, an implementation of the Pascal language that includes all the standard language elements and many extensions. Pascal 4.0 contains a compiler switch, `-xl`, to provide compatibility with Apollo DOMAIN Pascal to ease the task of porting your Apollo Pascal applications to workstations.
Pascal 4.2 Quick Reference Card	Lists all of the Pascal 4.2 compiler options with a brief, one-line description of each option.
Numerical Computation Guide	Describes the floating-point software and hardware for the SPARC^TM, Intel, HP 700, and PowerPC system architectures. It also contains a tutorial on floating-point arithmetic.
Incremental Link Editor	Describes how to use `ild` as an incremental linker to replace `ld` for linking programs. `ild` allows you to complete the development sequence more quickly than is possible with a standard linker.
Performance Profiling Tools	Describes the `prof`(1), `gprof`(1), and `tcov`(1) utilities.
Manual Pages	(online only) Provide information about the command-line commands and utilities included with WorkShop Professional Pascal.

Sun WorkShop Professional C Documentation

Available with Sun WorkShop Professional C only.


WorkShop documentation	WorkShop Professional C contains the entire WorkShop documentation set.
C User's Guide	Describes how to use the Sun ANSI C compiler to write programs in C. It covers the C compiler options, the pragmas, the lint tool, the cscope tool, and more. It is intended for the experienced C programmer.
Making the Transition to ANSI C	(online only) Provides information about the transition from K&R C to ANSI C.
C 4.2 Quick Reference Card	Describes the C compiler options in a concise and easy-to-read format.
Numerical Computation Guide	Describes the floating-point software and hardware for the SPARC^TM, x86, HP 700 and PowerPC system architectures. It also contains a tutorial on floating-point arithmetic.
Incremental Link Editor	Describes how to use `ild` as an incremental linker to replace `ld` for linking programs. `ild` allows you to complete the development sequence more quickly than is possible with a standard linker.
Performance Profiling Tools	Describes the `prof`(1), `gprof`(1), and `tcov`(1) utilities.
Manual Pages	(online only) Provides information about the command-line commands and utilities included with WorkShop Professional C.

Threads Primer: A Guide to Multithreaded Programming	(ISBN 0-13-443698-9) This SunSoft Press book by Bill Lewis and Daniel J. Berg provides a basic understanding of threads--what they are, how they work, and why they are useful.

Ordering Additional Hardcopy Documentation

You can order additional copies of the hard copy documentation by calling SunExpress at 1-800-USE-SUNX, or visiting their web page at

http://sunexpress.usec.sun.com

Sun on the World Wide Web

World Wide Web (WWW) users can view Sun's Developer Products site at the following URL:

http://www.sun.com/developer-products/index.html

This area is updated regularly and contains helpful information, including current release and configuration tables, special programs, and success stories.

Sun Education Classes

Sun Educational Services offers the following class for programmers who are developing multithreaded applications:

Multithreaded Applications Programming (#SI-260)

This class shows you how to design, write, and debug multithreaded applications using the Solaris 2+ libthread user threads library. The class is designed for experienced C programmers who are proficient in system interface programming.

For more information about this class, contact Sun Education by telephone or email:

Sun Education Registrar 1-800-422-8020 or (408) 263-9367

training_seats@sun.com (schedule and availability)

edbrochure@sun.com (class description)

Or go to the Sun Educational Services Web site:

http://www.sun.com/sunservice/suned

Solaris Technology Camp

Multithreading Camp is offered through Solaris Technology Camps. Space and availability are extremely limited. For dates, locations, prerequisites, course overview, an online registration form, and other information, open the following URL:

http://www.sun.com/cgi-bin/show?sunsoft/Dev-progs/oldfiles/tech-
camp.html

What Typographic Changes Mean

Table P-1 Typographic Conventions
Typeface or Symbol	Meaning	Example
`AaBbCc123`	The names of commands, files, and directories; onscreen computer output	Edit your`.login` file. Use `ls -a` to list all files. `machine_name% You have mail.`
`AaBbCc123`	What you type, contrasted with onscreen computer output	`machine_name%` `su` `Password:`
AaBbCc123	Command-line placeholder: replace with a real name or value	To delete a file, type `rm` filename.
AaBbCc123	Book titles, new words or terms, or words to be emphasized	Read Chapter 6 in User's Guide. These are called class options. You must be root to do this.

The following table describes the typographic changes used in this book.Table P-1 Typographic Conventions Typeface or Symbol Meaning Example AaBbCc123 The names of commands, files, and directories; onscreen computer output Edit your.login file. Use ls -a to list all files. machine_name% You have mail. AaBbCc123 What you type, contrasted with onscreen computer output machine_name% su Password: AaBbCc123 Command-line placeholder: replace with a real name or value To delete a file, type rm filename. AaBbCc123 Book titles, new words or terms, or words to be emphasized Read Chapter 6 in User's Guide. These are called class options. You must be root to do this.

Shell Prompts in Command Examples

Table P-2 Shell Prompts
Shell	Prompt
C shell prompt	`machine_name%`
C shell superuser prompt	`machine_name#`
Bourne shell and Korn shell prompt	`$`
Bourne shell and Korn shell superuser prompt	`#`
Korn shell running dbx	(dbx)

The following table shows the default system prompt and superuser prompt for the C shell, Bourne shell, and Korn shell.Table P-2 Shell Prompts Shell Prompt C shell prompt machine_name% C shell superuser prompt machine_name# Bourne shell and Korn shell prompt $ Bourne shell and Korn shell superuser prompt # Korn shell running dbx (dbx)

Preface

Who Should Use This Book

Before You Read This Book

How This Book Is Organized

How to Get Help

How to Access the AnswerBook Documentation

Related Books

Sun WorkShop Documentation

Sun WorkShop TeamWare Documentation

Sun Visual WorkShop C++ Documentation

Sun Performance WorkShop Fortran Documentation

Sun WorkShop Professional Pascal Documentation

Sun WorkShop Professional C Documentation

Other Related Documentation

Threads Primer: A Guide to Multithreaded Programming

(ISBN 0-13-443698-9) This SunSoft Press book by Bill Lewis and Daniel J. Berg provides a basic understanding of threads--what they are, how they work, and why they are useful.

Ordering Additional Hardcopy Documentation

Sun on the World Wide Web

Sun Education Classes

Solaris Technology Camp

What Typographic Changes Mean

Table P-1 Typographic Conventions

Shell Prompts in Command Examples

Table P-2 Shell Prompts

Preface

Who Should Use This Book

Before You Read This Book

How This Book Is Organized

How to Get Help

How to Access the AnswerBook Documentation

Related Books

Sun WorkShop Documentation

Sun WorkShop TeamWare Documentation

Sun Visual WorkShop C++ Documentation

Sun Performance WorkShop Fortran Documentation

Sun WorkShop Professional Pascal Documentation

Sun WorkShop Professional C Documentation

Other Related Documentation Threads Primer: A Guide to Multithreaded Programming (ISBN 0-13-443698-9) This SunSoft Press book by Bill Lewis and Daniel J. Berg provides a basic understanding of threads--what they are, how they work, and why they are useful.

Ordering Additional Hardcopy Documentation

Sun on the World Wide Web

Sun Education Classes

Solaris Technology Camp

What Typographic Changes Mean

Table P-1 Typographic Conventions

Shell Prompts in Command Examples

Table P-2 Shell Prompts

Other Related Documentation

Threads Primer: A Guide to Multithreaded Programming

(ISBN 0-13-443698-9) This SunSoft Press book by Bill Lewis and Daniel J. Berg provides a basic understanding of threads--what they are, how they work, and why they are useful.