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use Storable; store \%table, 'file'; $hashref = retrieve('file');
It can be used in the regular procedural way by calling store
with a reference to the object to store, and providing a file name. The
routine returns undef
for I/O problems or other internal error, a true value otherwise. Serious
errors are propagated as a die
exception.
To retrieve data stored to disk, you use retrieve
with a file name, and the objects stored into that file are recreated into
memory for you, and a reference to the root object is returned. In case an I/O error occurred while
reading, undef
is returned instead. Other serious errors are propagated via die
.
Since storage is performed recursively, you might want to stuff references to objects that share a lot of common data into a single array or hash table, and then store that object. That way, when you retrieve back the whole thing, the objects will continue to share what they originally shared.
At the cost of a slight header overhead, you may store to an already opened
file descriptor using the store_fd
routine, and retrieve from a file via retrieve_fd
. Those names aren't imported by default, so you will have to do that
explicitely if you need those routines. The file descriptor name you supply
must be fully qualified.
You can also store data in network order to allow easy sharing across
multiple platforms, or when storing on a socket known to be remotely
connected. The routines to call have an initial n
prefix for network, as in nstore
and nstore_fd
. At retrieval time, your data will be correctly restored so you don't have
to know whether you're restoring from native or network ordered data.
When using retrieve_fd
, objects are retrieved in sequence, one object (i.e. one recursive tree)
per associated store_fd
.
If you're more from the object-oriented camp, you can inherit from Storable
and directly store your objects by invoking store
as a method. The fact that the root of the to-be-stored tree is a blessed
reference (i.e. an object) is special-cased so that the retrieve does not
provide a reference to that object but rather the blessed object reference
itself. (Otherwise, you'd get a reference to that blessed object).
Surprisingly, the routines to be called are named freeze
and thaw
. If you wish to send out the frozen scalar to another machine, use
nfreeze
instead to get a portable image.
Note that freezing an object structure and immediately thawing it actually
achieves a deep cloning of that structure. Storable provides you with a dclone
interface which does not create that intermediary scalar but instead
freezes the structure in some internal memory space and then immediatly
thaws it out.
Storage is usually faster than retrieval since the latter has to allocate the objects from memory and perform the relevant I/Os, whilst the former mainly performs I/Os.
On my HP 9000/712 machine running HPUX 9.03 and with perl 5.004, I can store 0.8 Mbyte/s and I can retrieve at 0.72 Mbytes/s, approximatively (CPU + system time). This was measured with Benchmark and the Magic: The Gathering database from Tom Christiansen (1.9 Mbytes).
use Storable qw(store retrieve freeze thaw dclone);
%color = ('Blue' => 0.1, 'Red' => 0.8, 'Black' => 0, 'White' => 1);
store(\%color, '/tmp/colors') or die "Can't store %a in /tmp/colors!\n";
$colref = retrieve('/tmp/colors'); die "Unable to retrieve from /tmp/colors!\n" unless defined $colref; printf "Blue is still %lf\n", $colref->{'Blue'};
$colref2 = dclone(\%color);
$str = freeze(\%color); printf "Serialization of %%color is %d bytes long.\n", length($str); $colref3 = thaw($str);
which prints (on my machine):
Blue is still 0.100000 Serialization of %color is 102 bytes long.
It won't work across a store
and retrieve
operations however, because the addresses in the retrieved objects, which
are part of the stringified references, will probably differ from the
original addresses. The topology of your structure is preserved, but not
hidden semantics like those.
The store functions will croak
if they run into such references unless you set $Storable::forgive_me
to some TRUE
value. In this case, the fatal message is turned in a warning and some
meaningless string is stored instead.
Due to the aforementionned optimizations, Storable is at the mercy of perl's internal redesign or structure changes. If that bothers you, you can try convincing Larry that what is used in Storable should be documented and consistently kept in future revisions. As I said, you may try.
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